Kings and Queens of Scotland
Gaels migrating from Ireland established the kingdom of Dál Riata in western Scotland in the 5th century. Kenneth mac Alpin merged the Scottish and Pictish realms around 850, forming the kingdom of Alba, which incorporated Strathclyde by 1034. After centuries of English conflict, Robert the Bruce secured Scottish independence as king in 1306. The Stuart dynasty began with Robert II and continued through periods of internal unrest and English conflict. In 1603, Stuart king James VI, son of Mary Queen of Scots, also became King of England. The Scottish Crown was formally merged with England by the 1707 Act of Union.
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